Hypertensive encephalopathy and acute blood pressure fluctuations |
Acute or chronic renal diseases |
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
Hemolytic and uremic syndrome |
Eclampsia |
Vasculitis |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Polyarteritis nodosa |
Cryoglobulinemia |
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
Immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, and chemotherapeutic drugs |
Bevacizumab and other VEGF inhibitors |
Cisplatin and other platinum-based agents |
Combination chemotherapy |
Cyclosporine A |
Cytarabine |
Gemcitabine |
Interferon-alpha |
Intravenous immunoglobulin |
Ipilimumab |
Methotrexate |
Rituximab |
Tacrolimus, sirolimus |
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: lenvatinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib |
Vincristine |
Porphyria |
Hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia |
Iodine contrast media exposure (cerebral, coronary angiography) |
Sepsis |
Transplantation (solid organs, bone marrow, stem cells) |