| Cardiovascular influences |
| Reduction of resting and exercise heart rate |
| Reduction of resting and exercise blood pressure |
| Reduction of myocardial oxygen demand at submaximal levels of physical activity |
| Expansion of plasma volume |
| Increase in myocardial contractility |
| Increase in peripheral venous tone |
| Favorable changes in fibrinolytic system |
| Increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation |
| Increased gene expression for nitric oxide synthase |
| Enhanced parasympathetic tone |
| Possible increases in coronary blood flow, coronary collateral vessels, and myocardial capillary density |
| Metabolic influences |
| Reduction of obesity |
| Enhanced glucose tolerance |
| Improved lipid profile |
| Lifestyle influences |
| Decreased liklihood of smoking |
| Possible reduction of stress |
| Short-term reduction of appetite |
