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Causes of delayed gastric emptying

Anatomic	Pyloric stenosis, duodenal stenosis, duodenal web
Metabolic	Hypokalaemia, acidosis, hypothyroidism, diabetic gastroparesis
Drugs	Opioids, anticholinergics, neuromuscular blockade
Neuronal dysfunction	CNS disease, vagotomy, intestinal pseudoobstruction
Muscle disease	Visceral myopathy, SLE, myotonic dystrophy
Infection	Viral, bacterial toxins, post-viral gastroparesis
Idiopathic	Slow-wave arrhythmias

CNS: central nervous system; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adapted from: Milla PJ. Motor disorders including pyloric stenosis. In: Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease, 3rd ed, Walker WA, Durie PR, Hamilton JR, Walker-Smith JA (Eds) B.C. Decker, Hamilton, Ontario 2000. p.415.

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