| Infectious |
| Amebiasis |
| Ascariasis |
| Brucellosis |
| Chlamydia peritonitis |
| Complications related to HIV infection |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease |
| Pseudomembranous colitis |
| Salmonellosis |
| Whipple's disease |
| Hematologic |
| Amyloidosis |
| Castleman's syndrome |
| Extramedullary hematopoiesis |
| Hemophagocytic syndrome |
| Histiocytosis X |
| Leukemia |
| Lymphoma |
| Mastocytosis |
| Multiple myeloma |
| Miscellaneous |
| Abdominal pregnancy |
| Crohn's disease |
| Endometriosis |
| Gaucher's disease |
| Lymphangioleiomyomatosis |
| Myxedema |
| Nephrotic syndrome (in children, adults with nephrotic syndrome and ascites usually have another cause such as cirrhosis) |
| Operative lymphatic tear or ureteral injury |
| Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome |
| POEMS syndrome |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Ventriculoperitoneal shunt |
