Primary cause of aortic regurgitation | Valve disease | Aortic root dilation |
Calcific aortic valve disease | X | |
Myxomatous degeneration | X | |
Congenital heart disease | | |
Bicuspid aortic valve | X | X |
High ventricular septal defect (infundibular or membranous) | X | |
Sinus of valsalva aneurysm | | X |
Fenestrated leaflet* | | |
Rheumatic heart disease | X | |
Genetic syndromes | | |
Marfan syndrome | | X |
Familial thoracic aneurysm | | X |
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | | X |
Osteogenesis imperfecta | | X |
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum | X | |
Systemic rheumatic disorders | | |
Giant cell arteritis | | X |
Takayasu arteritis | | X |
Ankylosing spondylitis | X | X |
Rheumatoid arthritis | X | |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | X | |
Antiphospholipid syndrome | X | |
Drug-induced valve disease (eg, fenfluramine-phentermine) | X | |
Infection | | |
Endocarditis | X | |
Infectious aortitis (eg, syphilis) | | X |
Aortic dissection | X | X |
Hypertension | | X |
Trauma (causing aortic dissection or aortic valve injury) | X | X |
Other genetic and acquired causes of annuloaortic ectasia | | X |