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Uptodate Reference Title
Key indicators for considering a diagnosis of COPD
Key indicators for considering a diagnosis of COPD
Symptoms
Dyspnea
Cough
Sputum
Risk factors
Smoking
Biomass fuel exposure
Asthma
Childhood infections
Prematurity
Family history
Comorbidities
Heart disease
Metabolic syndrome
Osteoporosis
Sleep apnea
Depression
Lung cancer
Skin wrinkling
Consider the diagnosis of COPD and perform spirometry if any of these indicators are present. These indicators are not diagnostic by themselves, but the presence of multiple key indicators increases the probability of a diagnosis of COPD. Spirometry is needed to establish a diagnosis of COPD.
