Diagnostic category, regimens, and indications | Regimen*¶Δ | |||
Intensive phase | Continuation phase | |||
Regimen | Duration | Regimen | Duration | |
Pulmonary TB: drug susceptible (presumed or confirmed) | ||||
Traditional 6-month regimen (daily or 3 times weekly)[2]
| Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol | 2 months | Isoniazid Rifampin | 4 months |
Shortened 4-month traditional regimen (daily)
| Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol (use according to local guidance) | 8 weeks | Isoniazid Rifampin | 8 weeks |
Rifapentine-moxifloxacin-based regimen (daily)
| Isoniazid Rifapentine Moxifloxacin Pyrazinamide | 8 weeks | Isoniazid Rifapentine Moxifloxacin | 9 weeks |
Extrapulmonary TB: drug susceptible (presumed or confirmed) | ||||
Traditional 6-month regimen (daily)
| Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol | 2 months | Isoniazid Rifampin | 4 months |
12-month regimen (daily)
| Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol | 2 months | Isoniazid Rifampin | 10 months[3] |
6-month intensive regimen (daily)◊ | Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethionomide | 6 months |
TB: tuberculosis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
* For infants and young children, isoniazid tablets and can be pulverized, and the contents of rifampin capsules can be suspended in a flavored liquid or sprinkled on semisoft foods. Pyridoxine supplementation is not routinely recommended for children receiving isoniazid but should be considered for exclusively breastfed infants, malnourished children or those with diets poor in pyridoxine, and children with HIV infection.
¶ Direct observation of drug administration is recommended. Intermittent therapy (2 or 3 times weekly) is not recommended for children with HIV infection.
Δ Refer to separate UpToDate tables for drug dosing.
◊ In children and adolescents with bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed TB meningitis (without suspicion or evidence of multidrug-resistant/rifampin-resistant-TB), the World Health Organization has endorsed a 6-month intensive regimen as an alternative option to the 12-month regimen.