your limit has been reached. plz Donate us to allow your ip full access, Email: sshnevis@outlook.com
Uptodate Reference Title
Lung cancer risk by smoking status
Lung cancer risk by smoking status
Smoking category
Heavy smokers
Reducers
Light smokers
Ex-smokers
Never smokers
Adjusted hazard ratio* (95% CI)
1.00
0.73 (0.54-0.98)
0.44 (0.35-0.56)
0.17 (0.13-0.23)
0.09 (0.06-0.13)
Heavy smokers: ≥15 cigarettes or equivalent tobacco per day. Reducers: Heavy smokers who decreased by ≥50 percent. Light smokers: 1 to 14 cigarettes or equivalent tobacco per day.
* Multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, cohort of origin, inhalation habits (yes/no), tobacco type (cigarettes, cigars/pipe/cheroots, mixed), and years as smokers (continuous).
Data from: Godtfredsen N, Prescott E, Osler M. Effect of smoking reduction on lung cancer risk. JAMA 2005; 294:1505.