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Risk factors for increased risk of acquiring TBI and/or progressing to TB disease

Risk factors for increased risk of acquiring TBI and/or progressing to TB disease
  • Contacts of people with confirmed or suspected contagious TB (contact investigation)
  • Children with radiographic or clinical findings suggesting TB disease
  • Children immigrating from countries with endemic infection (eg, Asia, Middle East, Africa, Latin America, countries of the former Soviet Union), including international adoptees
  • Children with history of significant travel* to countries with endemic infection who have substantial contact with the resident population
  • Children with HIV infection
  • Children with other medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, malnutrition, or congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies and children receiving TNF-a antagonists, which may enhance the possibility for progression to severe disease

TBI: tuberculosis infection; TB: tuberculosis; TNF-a: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

* Determination of significant travel should account for the frequency of travel and the duration of time. Testing should be conducted 8 to 10 weeks after completion of travel, to allow for the known incubation period of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
From: Nolt D, Starke JR. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents: Testing and Treatment. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2021054663. Copyright © the American Academy of Pediatrics. Available at: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/148/6/e2021054663/183445/Tuberculosis-Infection-in-Children-and-Adolescents (Accessed on February 23, 2022). Reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
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