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Open-ended questions for understanding the patient's story[1-4]

Open-ended questions for understanding the patient's story[1-4]
Understanding of the illness
Tell me about your illness. What is your understanding of your condition?
What do you think about why it happened?
What have you been told about its seriousness?
What kinds of questions do you have?
Important hopes
What are you most hoping for? What else?
Biggest worries
What are your biggest worries? Can you tell me more?
Personal coping strategies
How are you managing?
How are your spirits?
When you have had to face difficult situations in the past, how did you cope?
Existential and spiritual beliefs
What gives you strength as you think about the future of your health?
How are you making sense of this illness and why it happened?
Do you currently have any religious or spiritual practice? Does it help you? How?
Do you have any personal spiritual beliefs? How do they help?
Closure and reconciliation
Are there ways that you can help your family prepare for what lies ahead with your illness?
Do you have relationships that need healing?
Preferences for information giving
Do you like to get all the details about your condition, or rather just the big picture?
How much do you want to know about what lies ahead with your illness?
Preferences about decision-making
When we need to make decisions about your health care, do you manage it alone or share it with family or leave it to the family or doctors?
Goals, values, and preferences
What's most important to you now?
What matters most to you for the future?
If you become sicker, how much are you willing to go through for the possibility of gaining more time?
What abilities are so critical to your life that you can't imagine living without them?
References:
  1. Anandarajah G, Hight E. Spirituality and medical practice: using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician 2001; 63:81.
  2. Sanders JJ, Johnson KS, Cannady K, et al. From barriers to assets: Rethinking factors impacting advance care planning for African Americans. Palliat Support Care 2019; 17:306.
  3. Bernacki RE, Block SD, American College of Physicians High Value Care Task Force. Communication about serious illness care goals: a review and synthesis of best practices. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174:1994.
  4. Back AL, Arnold RM. Discussing prognosis: "how much do you want to know?" talking to patients who do not want information or who are ambivalent. J Clin Oncol 2006; 1:4214.
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