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Uptodate Reference Title
Caudal needle redirection during landmark-based thoracic paravertebral block
Caudal needle redirection during landmark-based thoracic paravertebral block
After initial contact with bone, the needle should be angled in a caudal direction for further advancement. If the bone that is contacted is rib, a more caudal direction will likely result in contacting the transverse process, more superficially than the rib. Advancing in a cephalad direction can puncture the pleura.