NEC: neuroendocrine carcinoma; NET: neuroendocrine tumor; G3: high-grade; CRT: chemoradiotherapy; FOLFOX: fluorouracil plus leucovorin and oxaliplatin.
* Locoregionally advanced = T4 or node-positive disease; for selected cases outside of the esophagus and distal anorectum, resection might be considered after initial neoadjuvant therapy.
ΒΆ In some cases, trimodality therapy (resection, chemoradiotherapy, systemic platinum-based chemotherapy) may be the most appropriate option for patients with a high risk for recurrence.