Left ventricular dysfunction |
LVEF ≤40%: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) - Causes include ischemic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy
|
LVEF 41 to 49%: Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) - Causes include ischemic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy
|
LVEF ≥50%: - Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
- Cardiomyopathies with preserved ejection fraction
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy (familial or nonfamilial causes)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (familial or nonfamilial causes)
- Noncompaction cardiomyopathy
|
Valvular heart disease |
Valvular stenosis |
Valvular regurgitation |
Right ventricular dysfunction |
Pulmonary hypertension |
Right ventricular infarction |
Cardiomyopathy affecting the right ventricle (including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) |
Pericardial disease |
Cardiac tamponade |
Constrictive pericarditis |
Effusive-constrictive pericardial disease |
Obstructive lesion in heart or great vessel |
Atrial myxoma |
Pulmonary vein stenosis |
High-output heart failure |