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Uptodate Reference Title
Venous waveform
Venous waveform
"A" wave: atrial contraction (absent in atrial fibrillation). "C" wave: ventricular contraction (tricuspid bulges); you won't see this. "X" descent: atrial relaxation. "V" wave: atrial venous filling (occurs at same time of ventricular contraction). "Y" descent: ventricular filling (tricuspid opens).
Created by Errol Ozdalga, MD - Stanford Medicine 25. Reproduced with permission.