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Venous waveform

Venous waveform
"A" wave: atrial contraction (absent in atrial fibrillation).
"C" wave: ventricular contraction (tricuspid bulges); you won't see this.
"X" descent: atrial relaxation.
"V" wave: atrial venous filling (occurs at same time of ventricular contraction).
"Y" descent: ventricular filling (tricuspid opens).
Created by Errol Ozdalga, MD - Stanford Medicine 25. Reproduced with permission.
Graphic 129738 Version 1.0