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Cervical cancer screening recommendations for non-HIV immunocompromised patients

Cervical cancer screening recommendations for non-HIV immunocompromised patients
Risk group category Recommendation
Solid organ transplant
  • Cytology is recommended if younger than 30 years.
  • Co-testing is preferred, but cytology is acceptable if 30 years or older.
  • If using cytology alone, perform annual cervical cytology. If results of 3 consecutive cytology results are normal, perform cytology every 3 years.
  • If using co-testing, perform baseline co-test with cytology and HPV. If result of cytology is normal and HPV is negative, co-testing can be performed every 3 years.
  • Continue screening throughout lifetime (older than 65 years). Discontinue screening based on shared discussion regarding quality and duration of life rather than age.
  • Screen patients on dialysis and posttransplant similarly.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
  • Cytology is recommended if younger than 30 years.
  • Co-testing is preferred, but cytology is acceptable if 30 years or older.
  • If using cytology alone, perform annual cervical cytology. If results of 3 consecutive cytology results are normal, perform cytology every 3 years.
  • If using co-testing, perform baseline co-test with cytology and HPV. If result of cytology is normal and HPV is negative, co-testing can be performed every 3 years.
  • Continue screening throughout lifetime (older than 65 years). Discontinue screening based on shared discussion regarding quality and duration of life rather than age.
  • For HSCT patients who develop a new diagnosis of genital GVHD or chronic GVHD, resume annual cervical cytology until 3 consecutive normal results at which time perform cytology every 3 years, or perform an initial baseline co-test and, if cytology is normal and HPV is negative, perform co-testing every 3 years.
Inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressant treatments
  • Cytology is recommended if younger than 30 years.
  • Co-testing is preferred, but cytology is acceptable if 30 years or older.
  • If using cytology alone, perform annual cervical cytology. If results of 3 consecutive cytology results are normal, perform cytology every 3 years.
  • If using co-testing, perform baseline co-test with cytology and HPV. If result of cytology is normal and HPV is negative, co-testing can be performed every 3 years.
  • Continue screening throughout lifetime (older than 65 years). Discontinue screening based on shared discussion regarding quality and duration of life rather than age.
Inflammatory bowel disease not on immunosuppressant treatments
  • Follow general population screening guidelines.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis on immunosuppressant treatments
  • Cytology is recommended if younger than 30 years.
  • Co-testing is preferred, but cytology is acceptable if 30 years or older.
  • If using cytology alone, perform annual cervical cytology. If results of 3 consecutive cytology results are normal, perform cytology every 3 years.
  • If using co-testing, perform baseline co-test with cytology and HPV. If result of cytology is normal and HPV is negative, co-testing can be performed every 3 years.
  • Continue screening throughout lifetime (older than 65 years). Discontinue screening based on shared discussion regarding quality and duration of life rather than age.
Rheumatoid arthritis not on immunosuppressive treatments
  • Follow general population screening guidelines.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • Follow general population screening guidelines.
Cervical cancer screening for patients with immunosuppression is initiated no sooner than 21 years of age. This is similar to patients without immunosuppression.[1]  
HPV: human papillomavirus; HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; GVHD: graft versus host disease.
Reference:
  1. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/documents/Adult_OI.pdf (Accessed on September 13, 2021).
Table adapted from: Moscicki AB, Flowers L, Huchko M, et al. Guidelines for cervical cancer screening in immunosuppressed women without HIV infection. J Low Genital Tract Dis 2019; 23:87. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000468. Copyright © 2019 ASCCP. Reproduced with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is prohibited.
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