Your activity: 92 p.v.
Why UpToDate?
What's New
Patient Education
Calculators
Drug interactions
Subscribe
Log In
< Back
your limit has been reached. plz
Donate
us to allow your ip full access, Email: sshnevis@outlook.com
Uptodate Reference Title
Go To Link
Close
Pain pathways
[1-3]
Pain pathways
[1-3]
NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; TCAs: tricyclic antidepressants; SNRIs: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
References:
Martyn J, Mao J, Bittner EA. Opioid Tolerance in Critical Illness. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:365.
Chen L, Michalsen A. Management of chronic pain using complementary and integrative medicine. BMJ 2017; 357:j1284.
Al-Hasani R, Bruchas MR. Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor-dependent signaling and behavior. Anesthesiology 2011; 115:1363.
Graphic 127212 Version 1.0
