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Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)[1,2]

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)[1,2]

Patient name:

Date:

Instructions: Below is a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved. Please tell me how often you have felt this way during the past week.
  Rarely or none of the time
(less than 1 day)		 Some or a little of the time
(1 to 2 days)		 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time
(3 to 4 days)		 Most or all of the time
(5 to 7 days)
  1. I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.
       
  1. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.
       
  1. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.
       
  1. I felt I was just as good as other people.
       
  1. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
       
  1. I felt depressed.
       
  1. I felt that everything I did was an effort.
       
  1. I felt hopeful about the future.
       
  1. I thought my life had been a failure.
       
  1. I felt fearful.
       
  1. My sleep was restless.
       
  1. I was happy.
       
  1. I talked less than usual.
       
  1. I felt lonely.
       
  1. People were unfriendly.
       
  1. I enjoyed life.
       
  1. I had crying spells.
       
  1. I felt sad.
       
  1. I felt that people disliked me.
       
  1. I could not get "going."
       
 
Scoring the CES-D
In scoring the CES-D, a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to a response depending upon whether the item is worded positively or negatively.
  • For items 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 9 to 11, 13 to 15, 17 to 20 the scoring is:
  • Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day) = 0
  • Some or a little of the time (1 to 2 days) = 1
  • Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3 to 4 days) = 2
  • Most or all of the time (5 to 7 days) = 3
  • Items 4, 8, 12, 16 are reverse scored as follows:
  • Most or all of the time (5 to 7 days) = 0
  • Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3 to 4 days) = 1
  • Some or a little of the time (1 to 2 days) = 2
  • Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day) = 3
Possible range of scores is 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating the presence of more symptoms. Scores ≥16 indicate a positive screen for major depression.
References:
  1. ​Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977; 1:385.
  2. Eaton WW, Muntaner C, Smith C, et al. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In: The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment, 3rd ed, Maruish ME (Ed), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah 2004.
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