Infection |
Mycobacterial (including tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria) |
Bacterial (abscess, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, brucellosis, Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis) |
Fungal |
Viral (HIV infection, chronic hepatitis C) |
Parasitic (malaria, babesiosis) |
Malignancy |
Lymphoma (non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin) |
Solid tumors (germ cell tumors, medullary thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell cancer, others) |
Medications |
Antidepressants, cholinergic agents, hypoglycemics, estrogen and/or androgen-modulating agents, methadone (and other opioids), sympathomimetics, cyclosporine, beta blockers, bromocriptine, calcium channel blockers, clozapine, hydralazine, triptans, ethanol, interferon alfa-2b, donepezil, niacin |
Endocrine |
Menopause, estrogen or androgen deficiency or blockade, carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, hypoglycemia, diabetes insipidus |
Neurologic |
Autonomic dysreflexia, autonomic neuropathy, stroke |
Miscellaneous |
Gastroesophageal reflux, obstructive sleep apnea, sarcoidosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, mastocytosis, food additives, panic disorder, temporal arteritis, rosacea, idiopathic hyperhidrosis, substance (alcohol, cocaine, opioid) withdrawal |