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Propensity to thrombosis in children with cardiac disease

Propensity to thrombosis in children with cardiac disease
Propensity to thrombosis in children with cardiac disease based on Virchow's triad.

CVL: central venous line.

* Stasis can occur because of nonpulsatile flow, vessel or chamber dilatation, decreased systolic performance, immobility, arrhythmia, or hyperviscosity.

¶ The Fontan procedure is a palliative surgical procedure performed in patients with a functional or anatomic single ventricle (also known as univentricular heart). Refer to UpToDate content on the Fontan procedure for more information.

Δ Hypoxemia is thought to activate neutrophils, and via the inflammatory cascade, cause endothelial injury.[4]
References:
  1. Odegard KC, Zurakowski D, Hornykewycz S, et al. Evaluation of the coagulation system in children with two-ventricle congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 83:1797.
  2. Rask O, Hanseus K, Ljung R, Strandberg K, Berntorp E. Lower incidence of procoagulant abnormalities during follow-up after creation of the Fontan circulation in children. Cardiol Young 2009; 19:152.
  3. Odegard KC, Zurakowski D, DiNardo JA, et al. Prospective longitudinal study of coagulation profiles in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome from stage I through Fontan completion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:934.
  4. McLeod KA, Martin P, Williams G, Walker DR. Neutrophil activation and morbidity in young adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1994; 5:17.

Reproduced from: Sinclair AJ, Fox CK, Ichord RN, et al. Stroke in children with cardiac disease: report from the International Pediatric Stroke Study Group Symposium. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:5. Illustration used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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