| Single-antigen bead testing | Flow crossmatch | CDC crossmatch | |
| Timeframe in which test is used | Pretransplant risk assessment Posttransplant monitoring | At time of transplant | At time of transplant |
| Platform | Bead-based | Donor cells | Donor cells |
| Class of antibodies detected | IgG | IgG | IgG and IgM |
| Antigen reactivity (specificity) | Anti-HLA | Anti-HLA Non-HLA | Anti-HLA Non-HLA |
| Benefits | More consistent than cell-based assays | Detects Ab that can bind to the donor cells | Detects Ab that can bind donor cells and fix complement |
| Assay sensitivity | Highest sensitivity | High sensitivity | Lowest sensitivity |
| Drawbacks | Clinical significance of low-level Ab unclear | False positive with poor-quality cells | False positive with poor-quality cells |
