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Exampled of swing point stenosis associated with hemodialysis AV access

Exampled of swing point stenosis associated with hemodialysis AV access
The angiograms demonstrate various examples of swing point stenosis associated with hemodialysis AV access.
(A) Juxta-anastomotic stenosis (arrow) in a radial-cephalic fistula.
(B) Cephalic arch stenosis (arrow) in a brachial-cephalic fistula.
(C) Angle of transposition stenosis (arrow) in a brachial-basilic fistula.
AV: arteriovenous.
Courtesy of Gerald A Beathard, MD, PhD.
Graphic 120824 Version 1.0