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Neurodevelopmental outcome based on the severity of germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage

Neurodevelopmental outcome based on the severity of germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage
Study Region/Country Study years Risk of CP (percent) based on severity of GMH/IVH Risk of NDI (percent) based on severity of GMH/IVH
Grade I Grade II Grade III PVHI Grade I to II Grade III and PVHI
EPIPAGE[1] France 1997 8 11 19 50  
Bolisetty et al.*[2] Australia 1998 to 2004 10 30 22 43
Payne et al.[3] United States 2006 to 2008 9 28 10 22
CP: cerebral palsy; GMH/IVH: Germinal matrix hemorrhage/intraventricular hemorrhage; NDI: Neurodevelopmental impairment; PHVI: Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction; EPIPAGE: Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels.
* In this study, NDI was a composite of moderate and severe neurosensory impairment (NSI). Moderate NSI was defined as a score between 2 to 3 standard deviations (SD) below the mean on the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale General Quotient or Bayley Scales of Infant Development III-Mental Development Index at 2 to 3 years of age, moderate CP (able to walk with the assistance of aids), or deafness (requiring amplification with bilateral hearing aids or unilateral/bilateral cochlear implant), and severe NSI as a score >3 SD on the two assessment tools, severe CP (unable to walk with the assistance of aids), or bilateral blindness (visual acuity <6/60 in the better eye).
¶ In this study, NDI was defined as a composite of one or more of the following: a score <70 using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (ie, score <2 SD), moderate to severe CP (requiring assistive device for ambulation or nonambulatory), severe visual impairment (bilateral acuity <20/200), and/or deafness (bilateral hearing loss requiring amplification).
References:
  1. Beaino G, Khoshnood B, Kaminski M, et al. Predictors of cerebral palsy in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE prospective population-based cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52:e119.
  2. Bolisetty S, Dhawan A, Abdel-Latif M, et al. Intraventricular hemorrhage and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extreme preterm infants. Pediatrics 2014; 133:55.
  3. Payne AH, Hintz SR, Hibbs AM, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-gestational-age neonates with low-grade periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage. JAMA Pediatr 2013; 167:451.
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