| Hypertensive patients <30 years of age, especially in women |
| Accelerated, malignant, or grade 3 (>180/110 mmHg) hypertension |
| Drug-resistant hypertension (blood pressure target not achieved despite 3-drug therapy at optimal doses including a diuretic) |
| Unilateral small kidney without a causative urological abnormality |
| Abdominal bruit in the absence of atherosclerotic disease or risk factors for atherosclerosis |
| Suspected renal artery dissection/infarction |
| Presence of fibromuscular dysplasia in at least 1 other vascular territory |
