Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Lipid disorders in adults" and "Society guideline links: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease".)
International
●World Health Organization (WHO): Prevention of cardiovascular disease – Guideline for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk (2007)
Canada
●Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE): Guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care, update (2018)
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't order annual electrocardiograms (ECGs) for low-risk patients without symptoms (2017)
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't perform annual stress cardiac imaging or advanced non-invasive imaging as part of routine follow-up in asymptomatic patients (2017)
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't perform echocardiography as routine follow-up for mild, asymptomatic native valve disease in adult patients with no change in signs or symptoms (2017)
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't perform stress cardiac imaging or advanced non-invasive imaging in the initial evaluation of patients without cardiac symptoms unless high-risk markers are present (2017)
United States
●American Diabetes Association (ADA): Standards of medical care in diabetes (2022)
•Cardiovascular disease and risk management
●American College of Radiology (ACR): ACR Appropriateness Criteria on asymptomatic patient at risk for coronary artery disease, update (2021)
●American Heart Association (AHA): Scientific statement on rapid diet assessment screening tools for cardiovascular disease risk reduction across healthcare settings (2020)
●Choosing Wisely: Do not routinely order a screening ECG as part of a sports preparticipation examination in asymptomatic, otherwise healthy patients with no personal or family history of cardiac disease (2020)
●US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): Final recommendations statement on cardiovascular disease – Risk assessment with nontraditional risk factors (2018)
●USPSTF: Final recommendations statement on cardiovascular disease risk – Screening with electrocardiography (2018)
●USPSTF: Final recommendations statement on peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease – Screening and risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index (2018)
●American Heart Association (AHA): Scientific statement on the importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice – A case for fitness as a clinical vital sign (2016)
●Choosing Wisely: Do not routinely order expanded lipid panels (particle sizing, nuclear magnetic resonance) as screening tests for cardiovascular disease (2016)
●AHA: Scientific statement on the identification of obesity and cardiovascular risk in ethnically and racially diverse populations (2015)
●AHA: Scientific statement on the social determinants of risk and outcomes for cardiovascular disease (2015)
●AHA: Scientific statement on cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth with diabetes mellitus (2014)
●AHA/ACC: Guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk (2013)
●American College of Cardiology (ACC)/AHA: Guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk (2013)
●AHA: Scientific statement on criteria for evaluation of novel markers of cardiovascular risk (2009)
United Kingdom
●Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): A national clinical guideline on risk estimation and the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2017)
●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Clinical guideline on cardiovascular disease – Risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification (2014, updated 2016)
●NICE: Quality standard on cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid modification (2015)
●Joint British Societies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (JBS3): Consensus recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2014)
●NICE: Public health guideline on cardiovascular disease – Identifying and supporting people most at risk of dying early (2008)
Australia-New Zealand
●Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP): Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice – Assessment of absolute cardiovascular risk (2016, updated 2018)
●Choosing Wisely Australia: Don't commence therapy for hypertension or hyperlipidaemia without first assessing the absolute risk of a cardiovascular event (2015)
●Choosing Wisely Australia: Don't screen asymptomatic, low-risk patients (<10% absolute 5-year CV risk) using ECG, stress test, coronary artery calcium score, or carotid artery ultrasound (2015)
