Early occurrence of drug-induced movement disorders
Comorbidities
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Intellectual disability
Preexisting mood disorder
Alcohol or substance use disorder
Dementia
Diabetes
Others
Prior electroconvulsive therapy
* All dopamine receptor-blocking agents have the potential to cause tardive dyskinesia. The most commonly implicated drugs are first-generation antipsychotic drugs, second-generation antipsychotic drugs, and metoclopramide. ¶ Not as great a difference as once thought.
