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Teratogenic risk profiles of antiseizure medications

Teratogenic risk profiles of antiseizure medications
Summary of relative teratogenic risk profiles of antiseizure medications, based on available data. The risk profiles include data about major congenital malformations, fetal growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes when available, with consideration of the range of relative risks reported from multiple studies, number of patients studied, and confidence intervals.
LTG: lamotrigine; LEV: levetiracetam; CBZ: carbamazepine; OXC: oxcarbazepine; ZNS: zonisamide; PHT: phenytoin; PB: phenobarbital; TPM: topiramate; VPA: valproate.
* Neurodevelopmental outcomes are not yet known.
Adapted by permission from: Springer: Neurotherapeutics. Pennell PB. Use of Antiepileptic Drugs During Pregnancy: Evolving Concepts. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:811. Copyright © 2016. https://link.springer.com/journal/13311.
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