| Conventional evaluation of intraoperative/perioperative hypoxemia (SpO2 <94%) | Auscultation - Pulmonary edema/fluid overload: bilateral diffuse crackles
- Pneumothorax, suspected large effusion: unilateral abolition of lung sounds
- Atelectasis/pleural effusion/atelectasis/pneumonia-reduced dorsal breath sounds
- Bronchospasm: wheezes
- Secretion accumulation: rhonchi
Chest radiograph | Auscultation (as in "Preinduction evaluation in unplanned anesthesia") consistent with: - Esophageal intubation?
- Mainstem intubation?
- Bronchospasm?
- Secretions?
- Pneumothorax?
- Pulmonary edema/fluid overload?
- Atelectasis
Chest radiograph |
| LUSA-empowered evaluation of intraoperative/perioperative hypoxemia (SpO2 <94%) | LUSA - Pulmonary edema: bilateral diffuse, homogenous "B" pattern
- Pneumothorax: absent lung sliding, presence of "lung point," absent "B" pattern
- Pleural effusion: anechoic lung base-diaphragmatic interface
- Consolidation: heterogeneous hypoechoic visible lung/focal "B" pattern (atelectasis or pneumonia)
- Impending major atelectasis: absent lung sliding, presence of "lung pulse"
- Derecruited dorsal areas: LUSA, dorsal "B" pattern
FoCUS - Signs of severe hypovolemia, severe LV or RV systolic dysfunction, cardiac tamponade physiology: low CO causing low ScvO2
- FoCUS: PE – deep venous thrombosis?
| LUSA (as in "Preinduction evaluation in unplanned anesthesia") consistent with: - Pulmonary edema
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusion
- Consolidation
- Impending major atelectasis/endobronchial intubation: absent lung sliding, presence of "lung pulse"
- Derecruited dorsal areas
- Aspiration, pneumonitis: unilateral or bilateral, heterogeneous "B" pattern
FoCUS - Signs of severe hypovolemia, severe LV or RV systolic dysfunction, cardiac tamponade physiology: low CO causing low ScvO2
- FoCUS: PE – deep venous thrombosis?
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