Surgical management of gallbladder cancer

CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
* Preoperative jaundice is a relative contraindication to resection; such patients should be evaluated for multidisciplinary input before surgery is offered.
¶ Tumor involvement of lymph nodes beyond the hepatoduodenal ligament is considered extraregional disease and staged as distant metastatic (M1) disease.
Δ More extensive hepatic resection (eg, central hepatectomy of segment IVb and V) may be required to achieve negative margins.