your limit has been reached. plz Donate us to allow your ip full access, Email: sshnevis@outlook.com

Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) syndromes

Clinical entity	Description
Delayed-onset HIT	HIT that begins or worsens after stopping of heparin
Refractory (also called persistent or persisting) HIT	HIT that persists for >1 week despite stopping of heparin
Spontaneous HIT	HIT that occurs in the absence of proximate (recent) heparin exposure
Heparin flush HIT	HIT that is induced by exposure to heparin flushes
Fondaparinux-associated HIT	HIT that is believed to be triggered by exposure to fondaparinux
Severe HIT (eg, platelet count <20,000/microL) with overt DIC	HIT that is associated with DIC, with one or more of the following: relative/absolute hypofibrinogenemia, elevated INR (without another explanation), normoblastemia (circulating nucleated RBCs)
VITT	Anti-PF4 antibodies that occur in response to certain COVID-19 vaccines and activate platelets in the absence of heparin

Refer to UpToDate for further information about the mechanisms and management of autoimmune HIT syndromes.

HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation; INR: international normalized ratio; RBCs: red blood cells; VITT: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (also called TTS [thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome]); PF4: platelet factor 4; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.

From: Greinacher A, Selleng K, Warkentin TE. Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15(11):2099-2114. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jth.13813. Copyright © 2017 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons Inc. This image has been provided by or is owned by Wiley. Further permission is needed before it can be downloaded to PowerPoint, printed, shared or emailed. Please contact Wiley's permissions department either via email: permissions@wiley.com or use the RightsLink service by clicking on the 'Request Permission' link accompanying this article on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com).

Graphic 116418 Version 2.0