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Suggested criteria for referral to a genetics professional[1-4]

Suggested criteria for referral to a genetics professional[1-4]
Male WITHOUT a diagnosis of prostate cancer
and any 1 of the following:
Male WITH a diagnosis of prostate cancer
and any 1 of the following:
  • Known mutation in a cancer susceptibility gene within the family
  • Known mutation in a cancer susceptibility gene within the family
  • Family history suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
    • ≥2 breast cancers in a single person (close relative)
    • ≥2 family members with breast cancer on the same side of the family, at least 1 diagnosed ≤50 years of age
    • Close relative with ovarian cancer
    • Close relative with male breast cancer
    • Family history of ≥3 of the following, especially if diagnosed ≤50 years and/or with multiple primary cancers: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer (Gleason ≥7 and/or WHO Grade Group ≥2), melanoma, colon cancer, etc
  • Family history suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
    • FDR or personal history of male breast cancer
    • Family history of ≥2 close relatives with either breast or prostate cancer (any grade) at any age
    • FDR and second-degree relatives with exocrine pancreas cancer and prostate cancer (metastatic, intraductal/cribriform, or NCCN guidelines for prostate cancer – high- or very high-risk group)
    • Consider for those with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry
    • FDR diagnosed with ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube cancer or peritoneal cancer), exocrine pancreatic cancer
    • Probability >5 % of a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant based on prior probability models (eg, Tyrer-Cuzick, BRCAPro, CanRisk)
  • Family history suggestive of Lynch syndrome
    • ≥1 FDR with colorectal or endometrial cancer diagnosed <50 years
    • ≥1 FDR with colorectal or endometrial cancer and another synchronous or metachronous Lynch-syndrome-related cancer, or ≥2 family members with any of the following: colorectal, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, pancreas, ureter and renal pelvis, brain (usually glioblastoma), small intestinal, sebaceous carcinomas and keratoacanthomas
  • Family history suggestive of Lynch syndrome
    • ≥1 FDR (especially if diagnosed <50 years) with colorectal, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, pancreas, urothelial, brain (usually glioblastoma), biliary tract, and small intestinal cancers, as well as sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas as seen in Muir-Torre syndrome. With any of the following: colorectal, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, pancreases, ureter and renal pelvis, brain (usually glioblastoma), small intestinal, sebaceous carcinomas and keratoacanthomas
  • Family history suggestive of hereditary prostate cancer syndrome
    • ≥2 prostate cancers on the same side of the family
    • FDR who died as a result of prostate cancer <60 years of age
    • FDR diagnosed with prostate cancer ≤55 years of age
  • Family history suggestive of hereditary prostate cancer syndrome
    • ≥2 prostate cancers on the same side of the family
    • FDR who died as a result of PCa <60 years
    • FDR diagnosed with PCa ≤55 years
    • Personal history of PCa diagnosed ≤55 years and an FDR with PCa at any age
 
  • Personal history of tumor (somatic) sequencing indicating presence of mutations in hereditary cancer risk genes (eg, BRCA2, BRCA1, ATM, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2)
 
  • Personal history of PCa or other cancer with MMR deficiency determined by PCR, NGS, or IHC
 
  • Personal history of metastatic PCa
 
  • Personal history of high-risk and very high-risk localized PCa, and/or intraductal or cribriform histology
WHO: World Health Organization; FDR: first-degree relative; BRCA: breast cancer susceptibility gene; PCa: prostate cancer; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; MSH: mutS homolog; MLH1: mutL homolog 1; PMS2: postmeiotic segregation increased 2; MMR: mismatch repair; PCR: reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; NGS: next generation sequencing; IHC: immunohistochemistry.
References:
  1. NCCN Guidelines for Detection, Prevention, & Risk Reduction. Breast Cancer: Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian V1.2021.
  2. NCCN Guidelines for Detection, Prevention, & Risk Reduction. Colorectal Cancer: Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal V1.2020.
  3. Giri VN, Knudsen KE, Kelly WK, et al. Implementation of germline testing for prostate cancer: Philadelphia Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2019. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:2798.
  4. NCCN Guidelines for Detection, Prevention, & Risk Reduction. Prostate Cancer: Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Prostate V3.2020.
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