| Nonpharmacologic intervention | Dose | Approximate impact on SBP |
Hypertension | Normotension | Reference |
Weight loss | Weight/body fat | - Best goal is ideal body weight, but aim for at least a 1 kg reduction in body weight for most adults who are overweight. Expect about 1 mmHg for every 1 kg reduction in body weight.
| -5 mmHg | -3 mmHg | [1] |
Healthy diet | DASH dietary pattern | - Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, with reduced content of saturated and total fat.
| -11 mmHg | -3 mmHg | [2,3] |
Reduced intake of dietary sodium | Dietary sodium | - Optimal goal is <1500 mg/day, but aim for at least a 1000 mg/day reduction in most adults.
| -5 to -6 mmHg | -2 to -3 mmHg | [4,5] |
Enhanced intake of dietary potassium | Dietary potassium | - Aim for 3500 to 5000 mg/day, preferably by consumption of a diet rich in potassium.
| -4 mmHg | -2 mmHg | [6] |
Physical activity | Aerobic | - 90 to 150 minutes/week.
- 65 to 75% heart rate reserve.
| -5 to -8 mmHg | -2 to -4 mmHg | [7,8] |
Dynamic resistance | - 90 to 150 minutes/week.
- 50 to 80% of maximum 1 repetition weight.
- 6 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 10 repetitions/set.
| -4 mmHg | -2 mmHg | [7] |
Isometric resistance | - 4 × 2 minutes (hand grip), 1 minute rest between exercises, 30 to 40% maximum voluntary contraction, 3 sessions/week.
- 8 to 10 weeks.
| -5 mmHg | -4 mmHg | [9,10] |
Moderation in alcohol intake | Alcohol consumption | - In individuals who drink alcohol, reduce alcohol to:¶
- Men: ≤2 drinks daily.
- Women: ≤1 drink daily.
| -4 mmHg | -3 mmHg | [11-13] |