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Diagnostic categories of cardiac sarcoidosis based on clinical and imaging findings

Diagnostic categories of cardiac sarcoidosis based on clinical and imaging findings
Findings suggesting cardiac sarcoidosis
Clinical findings
  • LVEF <40%
  • Sustained ventricular tachycardia (spontaneous or induced)
  • Mobitz type II 2nd- or 3rd-degree atrioventricular block (whether or not shown to be immunosuppressant responsive)
Imaging findings
  • Cardiac FDG-PET with patchy focal uptake in a pattern consistent with CS
  • CMR imaging with LGE in a pattern consistent with CS
Diagnostic category of cardiac sarcoidosis Criteria
Definite (100% probability of CS)
  • Detection of noncaseating granuloma on histologic examination of myocardial tissue (endomyocardial biopsy or other myocardial specimen) with no alternative cause identified
Probable (≥50% probability of CS)
  • With histologic diagnosis of extracardiac sarcoidosis; requires both of the following criteria:
    • 1 or more of the following types of cardiac findings:
      • Clinical finding suggesting CS (refer to above)
      • Imaging finding by CMR or FDG-PET typical for CS (refer to above)
    • Other potential causes for the clinical and imaging findings have been excluded
LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; FDG-PET: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance; LGE: late gadolinium enhancement; CS: cardiac sarcoidosis.
Original table modified for this publication. From: Birnie DH, Sauer WH, Bogun F, et al. HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:1305. Table used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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