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Risk factors for iron deficiency in adolescents

Risk factors for iron deficiency in adolescents
Major risk factors
Heavy menstrual blood loss (>80 mL/month)
Underweight or malnourished
Alternative diets with low iron intake (eg, vegetarian or vegan)*
History of iron deficiency anemia
Blood donation
Minor or conditional risk factors
Female sex
Chronic inflammatory conditions
Athletes participating in endurance training
ObesityΔ
Periods of rapid growth
* Iron-rich foods include meats, eggs, iron-fortified cereals, and some legumes.
¶ Eg, inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatologic conditions.
Δ In the United States, obesity is a risk factor for iron deficiency in adolescents in both sexes but especially in females[1].
References:
  1. Nead KG, Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, et al. Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency. Pediatrics 2004; 114:104.
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