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Ascending aorta dimensions for prophylactic surgical intervention

Simplified schematic illustration of ascending aorta dimensions for prophylactic surgical intervention divided by gene category: ECM genes, SMC contractile unit and metabolism genes, and TGF-beta signaling pathway genes. The dimension for repair of sporadic aneurysm is shown for reference.

ECM: extracellular matrix; SMC: smooth muscle cell; LDS: Loeys-Dietz syndrome; MFS: Marfan syndrome; EDS: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Adapted with permission from: Brownstein AJ, Ziganshin BA, Kuivaniemi H, et al. Genes associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: An update and clinical implications. Aorta (Stamford) 2017; 5:11. Copyright © 2017 AORTA.

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