| Disease | Examples |
| Malignancy | - Colorectal and prostatic carcinoma, leukemias, reticuloses
- Myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies
|
| Malabsorption | - Short-bowel syndrome, blind loop syndrome, celiac disease, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, giardiasis
|
| Anaemia | - Thalassemia, pernicious anaemia
|
| Chronic infection and infestations | - Pulmonary tuberculosis, schistosomiasis
|
| Severe illness in hospitalised patients | |
