Medication category | Examples | Mechanism |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Increase in REM intensity |
Antidepressants* | Bupropion, MAOIs, mirtazapine, SNRIs, SSRIs, TCAs | Increase in REM intensity with REM delay and cholinergic rebound REM rebound (during withdrawal) |
Antihistamines | Chlorpheniramine | Unclear |
Antimicrobials | Ciprofloxacin, efavirenz, erythromycin, ganciclovir, mefloquine | Unclear; possibly related to cytokine modulation |
Atypical antipsychotic medications | Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone | Associated with dopamine |
Beta blockers | Labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol | Unclear; may suppress REM |
Calcium channel blockers | Verapamil | Unclear |
Dopaminergic drugs | Amantadine, amphetamine, levodopa, methylphenidate, pramipexole, ropinirole, selegiline | Associated with dopamine |
Sedative-hypnotics* | Alcohol, barbiturates, temazepam, triazolam | REM rebound |
Statins | Atorvastatin | Unclear |