Pregnancy outcome | Maternal Zika virus test results on nontissue clinical specimens (eg, serum, urine) |
Acute Zika virus infection§ | Zika virus infection; timing of infection cannot be determined¥ | Flavivirus infection; timing of infection cannot be determined | >12 weeks after symptom onset or exposure,‡ with either negative maternal Zika virus IgM, or no maternal testing conducted | No evidence of Zika virus infection† |
Testing of placental tissues |
Live birth, possible Zika virus-associated birth defects** | Not indicated¶¶ | Should be considered to aid in maternal diagnosis | Not indicated¶¶ |
Live birth, no obvious Zika virus-associated birth defects at birth | Not indicated | May be considered to aid in maternal diagnosis on a case-by-case and jurisdictional basis. Not routinely recommended for asymptomatic women with possible Zika virus exposure but without ongoing possible exposure | Not indicated |
Testing of placental and fetal tissues |
Pregnancy loss, possible Zika virus-associated birth defects | May be considered to aid in fetal diagnosis | May be considered to aid in fetal and maternal diagnosis | Not indicated¶¶ |
Pregnancy loss, no obvious Zika virus-associated birth defects | May be considered to aid in fetal diagnosis | May be considered to aid in fetal and maternal diagnosis | Not indicated¶¶ |
Testing of placental and infant autopsy tissues |
Infant death following live birth | Should be considered to aid in infant diagnosis | Should be considered to aid in infant and maternal diagnosis | Not indicated¶¶ |