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Absolute and relative contraindications to surgery in patients with malignant bowel obstruction

Absolute and relative contraindications to surgery in patients with malignant bowel obstruction
Absolute Relative
Recurrent ascites after paracentesis Multiple sites of intraabdominal tumor
Diffuse palpable abdominal masses Low serum albumin
Multiple levels of bowel obstruction Previous radiation therapy
Recent abdominal surgery demonstrating that corrective surgery is technically impossible Poor nutritional status
Previous surgery showing diffuse metastatic cancer Liver or extraabdominal metastases, including pleural or pulmonary metastases producing dyspnea
Involvement of proximal stomach Major renal or hepatic dysfunction
  ECOG PS ≥2
ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status.
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