Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Infections involving cardiac implantable electronic devices" and "Society guideline links: Arrhythmias in adults" and "Society guideline links: Ventricular arrhythmias".)
International
●European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS): Expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias – Use the right tool for the right outcome (2020)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on remote interrogation and monitoring for cardiovascular electronic implantable devices (2015, reaffirmed 2020)
●HRS/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF): Expert consensus statement on pacemaker device mode selection (2012, reaffirmed 2020)
●HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing, focused update (2019)
●American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/HRS: Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay (2018)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on the management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in patients nearing end of life or requesting withdrawal of therapy (2010, reaffirmed 2018)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction (2017)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (2017)
●HRS/ACC/AHA: Expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials (2014)
●ACCF/HRS/AHA/American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)/Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA)/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI)/Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT)/Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR): Appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2013)
●EHRA/HRS: Expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure – Implant and follow-up recommendations and management (2012)
●HRS/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): Expert consensus statement on the perioperative management of patients with implantable defibrillators, pacemakers, and arrhythmia monitors – Facilities and patient management (2011)
Canada
●Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS)/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS): Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator society guidelines, 2016 (published 2017)
●CCS: Society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy – Evidence and patient selection (2013)
●CCS: Society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy – Implementation (2013)
●CCS/CHRS: Joint society position statement on the use of remote monitoring for cardiovascular implantable electronic device follow-up (2013)
●CCS/Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS)/CHRS: Joint society position statement on the perioperative management of patients with implanted pacemakers, defibrillators, and neurostimulating devices (2012)
●CCS: Consensus conference guidelines on heart failure – Diagnosis and management of right-sided heart failure, myocarditis, device therapy and recent important clinical trials, update (2009)
●CCS/CHRS: Position paper on implantable cardioverter defibrillator use in Canada (2005)
United States
●Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF): Expert consensus statement on pacemaker device mode selection (2012, reaffirmed 2020)
●American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/HRS: Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay (2018)
●HRS/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): Expert consensus statement on the perioperative management of patients with implantable defibrillators, pacemakers, and arrhythmia monitors – Facilities and patient management (2011, reaffirmed 2018)
●AHA: Science advisory on wearable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death (2016)
●Choosing Wisely: Don't implant in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class IV who are not candidates for either cardiac transplantation, a left ventricular assist device as destination therapy or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) (2014)
●Choosing Wisely: Don't implant pacemakers for asymptomatic sinus bradycardia in the absence of other indications for pacing (2014)
●HRS/ACC/AHA: Expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials (2014)
●American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF)/HRS/AHA/American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)/Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA)/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI)/Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT)/Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR): Appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2013)
●Choosing Wisely: Don't leave an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) activated when it is inconsistent with the patient/family goals of care (2013)
●HFSA: Guideline on indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy, 2011 update (published 2012)
Europe
●European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death (2022)
●ESC: Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2021)
●European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS): Expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias – Use the right tool for the right outcome (2020)
●HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing, focused update (2019)
●EHRA/HRS: Expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure – Implant and follow-up recommendations and management (2012)
●ESC: Clinical practice guidelines on device therapy in heart failure, focused update (2010)
United Kingdom
●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Interventional procedures guidance on permanent His-bundle pacemaker implantation for treating heart failure (2021)
●NICE: Medical technologies guidance on ENDURALIFE powered CRT-D devices for treating heart failure (2017, updated 2021)
●Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA): Assessing fitness to drive – A guide for medical professionals: Cardiological disorders (2016, updated 2020)
●NICE: Medical technologies guidance on Zio XT for detecting cardiac arrhythmias (2020)
●British Heart Rhythm Society (BHRS): Guidelines for the management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) around the time of surgery (2016, revised 2019)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on leadless cardiac pacemaker implantation for bradyarrhythmias (2018)
●British Society for Dermatological Surgery (BSDS) & BHRS: Guidance on implanted devices & dermatological surgery (2017)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion for preventing sudden cardiac death (2017)
●Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): National clinical guideline for the management of chronic heart failure – Interventional procedures (2016)
●Resuscitation Council UK, British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) and National Council for Palliative Care (NCPC): Cardiovascular implanted electronic devices in people towards the end of life, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after death (2015)
Australia-New Zealand
●National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHFA) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ): Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of chronic heart failure in Australia (2018)
●National Transport Commission of Australia (NTC Australia): Assessing fitness to drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers – Cardiovascular conditions (2016, amended 2017)
●CSANZ: Clinical standards – Prevention of accidental exposure to high voltage electric shocks during the preparation for burial of deceased persons with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) (2014)
●CSANZ: Statement regarding the extraction of implanted cardiac device leads, in particular the provision of surgical support (2014)
Japan
●[In Japanese] Japanese Circulation Society (JCS)/Japanese Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (JSCVS)/Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery (JATS)/Japanese Society for Vascular Surgery (JSVS): Guideline on implantable left ventricular assist device for patients with advanced heart failure (2021)
●[In Japanese] Choosing Wisely Japan: Cardiac implantable cardioverter at the terminal stage – When necessary and when it is not necessary (2016)
●[In Japanese] JCS: Guidelines for rehabilitation in society, attending school and working in patients treated with pacemaker, ICD and CRT (2013)
