Symptom | Etiologies in the early HIV treatment era | Management | Etiology in the ART treatment era | Management |
Pulmonary |
Dyspnea/cough | PJP, bacterial pneumonia | Antibiotics | COPD | Inhalers, steroids, oxygen |
TB | Antimycobacterials | Pulmonary hypertension | Pulmonary vasodilators, afterload reducers, ART |
Gastrointestinal |
Diarrhea | Disseminated MAC | Antimycobacterials | Irritable bowel syndrome | Behavioral modification, dietary changes |
CMV | Antivirals | Chronic pancreatitis | Pancreatic enzymes, antidiarrheals |
Cryptosporidiosis | Antifungals | Irritable bowel syndrome | Behavioral modification, dietary changes, fiber intake |
Constitutional |
Fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, tissue wasting | AIDS | Methylphenidate, dronabinol, testosterone, oxandrolone, megestrol acetate | Malignancy | Targeted chemotherapy, psychostimulants |
Opportunistic infections | Treat opportunistic infections | Depression | Antidepressants, cognitive behavioral therapy |