your limit has been reached. plz Donate us to allow your ip full access, Email: sshnevis@outlook.com
Uptodate Reference Title
TEE measurement of LV end-diastolic diameter in the transgastric mid-papillary view in a patient with normal ventricular size
TEE measurement of LV end-diastolic diameter in the transgastric mid-papillary view in a patient with normal ventricular size
Intraoperative TEE transgastric LV short-axis (left panel) and long-axis (right panel) X-plane cross-sectional images at end-diastole (arrow immediately after the p-wave of the ECG) for measuring the LVIDd in a patient with normal LV size and function. According to ASE guidelines, the measurement should be taken at the mitral chordal level to prevent underestimation of ventricular cavity size when comparing the TEE study to a corresponding transthoracic echocardiogram. In the TEE transgastric views, X-plane imaging can be used to align the LV long-axis plane perpendicular to the ultrasound transducer to achieve a true LV short-axis cross section and to adjust the depth of the transducer so that the measurement is performed at the mitral chordal level of the left ventricle. The LVIDd was 4.5 cm measured from the base of trabeculations of the endocardium or the compacted edge of the endocardium to approximate values obtained by angiography. Measurements of LV diameter are typically performed from the inferior wall to the anterior wall along the axial direction of the ultrasound beam for maximum resolution.
LV: left ventricular; TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; ECG: electrocardiogram; LVIDd: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; ASE: American Society of Echocardiography.
Courtesy of Igor Feinstein, MD, PhD, and Albert T Cheung, MD.
