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Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS)

Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS)
Patient's name:_______________ Date and time:___/___/___:______
Reason for this assessment:_________________________
Resting pulse rate:__________beats/minute
Measured after patient is sitting or lying for one minute
GI upset: Over last half-hour

0 pulse rate 80 or below

1 pulse rate 81 to 100

2 pulse rate 101 to 120

4 pulse rate greater than 120

0 no GI symptoms

1 stomach cramps

2 nausea or loose stool

3 vomiting or diarrhea

5 multiple episodes of diarrhea or vomiting
Sweating: Over past half-hour not accounted for by room temperature or patient activity Tremor: Observation of outstretched hands

0 no report of chills or flushing

1 subjective report of chills or flushing

2 flushed or observable moistness on face

3 beads of sweat on brow or face

4 sweat streaming off face

0 no tremor

1 tremor can be felt, but not observed

2 slight tremor observable

4 gross tremor or muscle twitching
Restlessness: Observation during assessment Yawning: Observation during assessment

0 able to sit still

1 reports difficulty sitting still, but is able to do so

3 frequent shifting or extraneous movements of legs/arms

5 unable to sit stil l for more than a few seconds

0 no yawning

1 yawning once or twice during assessment

2 yawning three or more times during assessment

4 yawning several times/minute
Pupil size Anxiety or irritability

0 pupils pinned or normal size for room light

1 pupils possibly larger than normal for room light

2 pupils moderately dilated

5 pupils so dilated that only the rim of the iris is visible

0 none

1 patient reports increasing irritability or anxiousness

2 patient obviously irritable or anxious

4 patient so irritable or anxious that participation in the assessment is difficult
Bone or joint aches: If patient was having pain previously, only the additional component attributed to opiates withdrawal is scored Gooseflesh skin

0 not present

1 mild diffuse discomfort

2 patient reports severe diffuse aching of joints/muscles

4 patient is rubbing joints or muscles and is unable to sit still because of discomfort

0 skin is smooth

3 piloerrection of skin can be felt or hairs standing up on arms

5 prominent piloerrection
Runny nose or tearing: Not accounted for by cold symptoms or allergies Total score:__________
The total score is the sum of all 11 items

0 not present

1 nasal stuffiness or unusually moist eyes

2 nose running or tearing

4 nose constantly running or tears streaming down cheeks

Initials of person

completing assessment:__________
Score: 5 to 12 = mild; 13 to 24 = moderate; 25 to 36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal.
GI: gastrointestinal.
Reproduced from: Wesson DR, Ling W. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). J Psychoactive Drugs 2003; 35:253.
Graphic 106994 Version 1.0