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Flow-volume loop characteristics in tracheomalacia

(A) Flow-volume loop in a patient with tracheomalacia demonstrating biphasic morphology with typical obstructive pattern.
(B) A notched expiratory loop in a different patient is shown.
(C) Expiratory oscillations from a third patient are shown.

FEF: forced expiratory flow.

Reproduced with permission of the American Association for Respiratory Care, from: Majid A, Sosa AF, Ernst A, et al. Pulmonary function and flow-volume loop patterns in patients with tracheobronchomalacia. Respir Care 2013; 58:1521; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Copyright © 2013.

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