Screening: All patients at time of diagnosis |
Evaluation by cardiologist with expertise in congenital heart disease |
Comprehensive examination including blood pressure in both upper and lower extremities |
All require clear imaging of heart, aortic valve, aortic arch, and pulmonary veins: |
- Echocardiography is usually adequate for infants and young girls
- CMR imaging and echocardiography for older girls and adults
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ECG |
Monitoring: Follow-up depends on clinical situation |
For patients with apparently normal cardiovascular system and age-appropriate blood pressure: |
- Reevaluation with imaging at timely occasions (eg, at transition to adult clinic) before attempting pregnancy or with appearance of hypertension; girls who have only had echocardiography should undergo CMR when old enough to cooperate with the procedure
- Otherwise, imaging with echocardiography or CMR approximately every 5 years in children and every 10 years in adults
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For patients with cardiovascular pathology, treatment and monitoring determined by cardiologist |