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Clinical features worrisome for malignancy or granulomatous disease in children with peripheral lymphadenopathy

Clinical features worrisome for malignancy or granulomatous disease in children with peripheral lymphadenopathy
Systemic symptoms (fever >1 week, night sweats, weight loss [>10% of body weight])
Supraclavicular (lower cervical) nodes
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Fixed nontender nodes in the absence of other symptoms; matted nodes
Nontender lymph nodes >1 cm with onset in the neonatal period
Nontender lymph nodes ≥2 cm in diameter that increase in size from baseline or do not respond to 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy
Abnormal chest radiograph (particularly mediastinal mass or hilar adenopathy)
Abnormal complete blood count (eg, lymphoblasts, cytopenias in more than 1 cell line)
Elevated lactate dehydrogenase
Absence of symptoms in the ear, nose, and throat regions
Persistently elevated ESR/CRP or rising ESR/CRP despite antibiotic therapy
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein.
References:
  1. Lake AM, Oski FA. Peripheral lymphadenopathy in childhood. Ten-year experience with excisional biopsy. Am J Dis Child 1978; 132:357.
  2. Niedzielska G, Kotowski M, Niedzielski A, et al. Cervical lymphadenopathy in children--incidence and diagnostic management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71:51.
  3. Oguz A, Karadeniz C, Temel EA, et al. Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2006; 23:549.
  4. Slap GB, Brooks JS, Schwartz JS. When to perform biopsies of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes in young patients. JAMA 1984; 252:1321.
  5. Soldes OS, Younger JG, Hirschl RB. Predictors of malignancy in childhood peripheral lymphadenopathy. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1447.
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