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Nutritional recommendations for adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 4

Nutritional recommendations for adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 4
Protein ≤0.8 g/kg/day[1], increase plant source.
Salt <2.3 g/day (<5 g/day of NaCl)[1].
Potassium Individualize to keep the serum potassium within a normal range.
Calcium 1.5 g/day from both dietary and medication sources.*
Phosphorus 0.8 to 1 g/day or individualize to keep the value within a normal range.
Increase vegetable source and avoid processed foods as much as possible.
Carbohydrate/fat[2] 30 to 35 kcal/kg/day; <30% of total calories from fat and <10% of total fat from saturated fat; DASH diet pattern highly recommended.
Fiber[3] 25 to 38 g/day.
* Some clinicians favor a lower calcium intake of 1 g/day.
References:
  1. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2013; 3:5.
  2. NKF KDOQI Guidelines 2000. Clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure. https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/docs/kdoqi2000nutritiongl.pdf (Accessed on November 4, 2015).
  3. https://health.gov/our-work/food-nutrition/previous-dietary-guidelines/2010 (Accessed on April 7, 2021).
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