| Action | Affect on urinary volume | Condition or disease category |
| Nonphysiologic or inappropriate ADH release | Decrease in urinary volume | - Postoperative state
- CNS disease – Meningitis, brain tumors, head injury
- Pulmonary disease – Pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma
- Immobilization
- Drugs
- Antidepressants (eg, SSRI)
- Antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol)
- Seizure medications (eg, carbamazepine)
- Chemotherapeutic agents (eg, vincristine, cisplatin, vinblastine)
- Opiates
- Response to pain, stress, or anxiety
|
| Enhanced renal ADH receptor response | Decease in urinary volume | - Nephrogenic SIADH – Gain-of-function mutations in the renal V2 receptor gene
|
| Lack of adequate ADH release/central diabetes insipidus | Increase in urinary volume | - CNS tumors (eg, craniopharyngioma)
- Congenital brain abnormalities (eg, septo-optic dysplasia)
- Brain trauma or injury (eg, complication of brain surgery)
- Genetic diseases
- Anorexia nervosa
|
| Lack of renal ADH receptor response/nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | Increase in urinary volume | - Congenital disorders (eg, loss-of-function mutation in renal V2 receptor gene, renal tubulopathy [Bartter syndrome])
- Drugs (eg, lithium toxicity, foscarnet, ifosfamide)
- Renal disorders (eg, bilateral urinary tract obstruction, sickle cell nephropathy)
|
