Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately.
●(See "Society guideline links: Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Hypoglycemia in adults".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Diabetes mellitus in children".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Hyperglycemic emergencies".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Blood glucose monitoring".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Hypertension in adults".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Obesity in adults".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Bariatric surgery".)
International
●American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO): Consensus report on diabetes management in chronic kidney disease (2022)
●Endocrine Society (ES): Clinical practice guideline for the management of individuals with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia (2022)
●ES: Clinical practice guideline for the management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized adult patients in non-critical care settings (2022)
●KDIGO: Clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease (2022)
●International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance: Diabetes and Ramadan – Practical guidelines (2021)
●European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD): Position statement on glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes (2020)
●ES: Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of diabetes in older adults (2019)
●IDF: Clinical practice recommendations for managing diabetic macular edema (DME) (2019)
●International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF): Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease (2019)
●IDF: Clinical practice recommendations for managing type 2 diabetes in primary care (2017, updated 2018)
●World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines on second-and third-line medicines and type of insulin for the control of blood glucose levels in non-pregnant adults with diabetes mellitus (2018)
●IDF: Clinical practice recommendations on the diabetic foot (2017)
●IDF: Global guideline for managing older people with type 2 diabetes (2013, updated 2017)
●IDF: Global guideline for type 2 diabetes (2012, updated 2017)
●IDF: Guideline for management of postmeal glucose in diabetes (2011, updated 2017)
●IDF: Guideline on oral health for people with diabetes (2009, updated 2017)
●IDF and the Fred Hollows Foundation: Diabetes eye health – A guide for health professionals (2015, updated 2017)
●International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO): Guidelines for diabetic eye care, updated (2017)
●ES: Clinical practice guideline on diabetes technology – Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in adults (2016)
●WHO: Global report on diabetes (2016)
●International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG), the European Diabetes Working Party for Older People (EDWPOP), and the International Task Force of Experts in Diabetes: Position statement on diabetes mellitus in older people (2012)
●WHO: Report on use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (2011)
Canada
●Diabetes Canada: Guidelines
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't recommend routine or multiple daily self-glucose monitoring in adults with stable type 2 diabetes on agents that do not cause hypoglycemia (updated 2020)
United States
●American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO): Consensus report on diabetes management in chronic kidney disease (2022)
●ADA and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD): Consensus report on management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (2022)
●ADA: Standards of medical care in diabetes (2022)
●American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM): Position statement on the care of the athlete and athletic person with diabetes (2022)
●ADA and EASD: A consensus report on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults (2021)
●American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE): Clinical practice guideline – The use of advanced technology in management of persons with diabetes mellitus (2021)
●US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): Final recommendation statement on screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (2021)
●ADA and EASD: Consensus report on precision medicine in diabetes (2020)
●American College of Cardiology (ACC): Expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes (2020)
●American Heart Association (AHA): Scientific statement on the clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020)
●EASD and the ADA: Consensus report on diabetes digital app technology – Benefits, challenges, and recommendations (2020)
●ADA: Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes – A consensus report (2019)
●AHA and Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA): A scientific statement on type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure (2019)
●American College of Radiology (ACR): ACR Appropriateness Criteria suspected osteomyelitis of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus (2019)
●American College of Physicians (ACP): A guidance statement update on hemoglobin A1c targets for glycemic control with pharmacologic therapy for nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2018)
●Choosing Wisely: Don't routinely recommend daily home glucose monitoring for patients who have Type 2 diabetes mellitus and are not using insulin (2018)
●ACP: A clinical practice guideline for oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, update (2017)
●ADA: A position statement on diabetes and hypertension (2017)
●ADA: Position statement on diabetic neuropathy (2017)
●Choosing Wisely: Don't use sliding scale insulin (SSI) for long-term diabetes management for individuals residing in the nursing home (2013, updated 2017)
●Choosing Wisely: Don't use synthetic or donated grafts on diabetic foot wounds without first allowing for an adequate trial of standard wound care (2017)
●US Department of Veterans Affairs/US Department of Defense: Clinical practice guideline ─ Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2017)
●AACE/American College Of Endocrinology (ACE): Outpatient glucose monitoring consensus statement (2016)
●ADA: Position statement for the management of diabetes in long-term care and skilled nursing facilities (2016)
●ADA: Position statement on physical activity/exercise and diabetes (2016)
●ADA: Position statement on psychosocial care for people with diabetes (2016)
●Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS), American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA), and the Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM): A clinical practice guideline for the management of diabetic foot (2016)
●AACE/ACE: Clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan (2015)
●ADA: BMI cut points to identify at-risk Asian Americans for type 2 diabetes screening (2015)
●ADA, American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE), Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND): Joint position statement on diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes (2015)
●AHA: A scientific statement on sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes mellitus (2015)
●AHA and ADA: Scientific statement ─ Update on prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in light of recent evidence (2015)
●EASD and ADA: Joint statement on insulin pump risks and benefits – A clinical appraisal of pump safety standards, adverse event reporting, and research needs (2015)
●ADA: Position statement on diabetes and driving (2014)
●ADA: Position statement on diabetes and employment (2014)
●ADA: Position statement on type 1 diabetes through the life span (2014)
●AHA and ADA: Scientific statement on type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (2014)
●North American Menopause Society (NAMS): Recommendations for clinical care of midlife women (2014)
●ADA: Scientific statement – Socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (2013)
●ADA and Endocrine Society (ES): Consensus statement on hypoglycemia and diabetes (2013)
●American Society for Nutrition (ASN): Scientific statement on consumption of cereal fiber, mixtures of whole grains and bran, and whole grains and risk reduction in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (2013)
●ADA: Consensus statement on diabetes in older adults (2012)
●ADA: Consensus statement on the Charcot foot in diabetes (2011)
●ADA: Position statement on diabetes care for emerging adults – Recommendations for transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care systems (2011)
●ADA and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF): Clinical care guidelines for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (2010)
●ADA: Consensus statement on hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes (2009)
Europe
●American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD): Consensus report on management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (2022)
●ADA and EASD: A consensus report on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults (2021)
●EASD: Consensus report – Definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes (2021)
●ADA and EASD: Consensus report on precision medicine in diabetes (2020)
●EASD and International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD): Position statement on glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes (2020)
●EASD and the ADA: Consensus report on diabetes digital app technology – Benefits, challenges, and recommendations (2020)
●European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC): Position paper on exercise training for patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease – What to pursue and how to do it (2019)
●European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with EASD (2019)
●Primary Care Diabetes Europe (PCDE): Position statement on factors influencing safe glucose-lowering in older adults with type 2 diabetes – A person-centered approach to individualized (PROACTIVE) glycemic goals for older people (2019)
●EASD and ADA: Joint statement on insulin pump risks and benefits – A clinical appraisal of pump safety standards, adverse event reporting, and research needs (2015)
United Kingdom
●Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP): Clinical guideline on inpatient care of the frail older adult with diabetes (2022)
●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Guideline on type 1 diabetes in adults – Diagnosis and management (2015, updated 2022)
●NICE: Guideline on type 2 diabetes in adults – Management (2015, updated 2022)
●NICE: Medical technologies guidance on 3C Patch for treating diabetic foot ulcers (2022)
●JBDS-IP: Clinical guideline for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults (revised 2021)
●JBDS-IP: Clinical guideline on self-management of diabetes in hospital (revised 2021)
●JBDS-IP: Diabetes at the front door – A guideline for dealing with glucose related emergencies at the time of acute hospital admission (2021)
●Diabetes UK: A type 1 diabetes technology pathway – A consensus statement for the use of technology in type 1 diabetes (2019)
●NICE: Guideline on diabetic foot problems – Prevention and management (2015, updated 2019)
●Diabetes UK: Evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes (2018)
●JBDS: A guideline for self-management of diabetes in hospital (2018)
●JBDS: Position statement for glycaemic management during the inpatient enteral feeding of people with stroke and diabetes (2018)
●Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCP) and JBDS: Guidelines for the management of diabetes in adults and children with psychiatric disorders in inpatient settings (2018)
●NICE: Public health guideline for type 2 diabetes – Prevention in people at high risk (2012, updated 2017)
●Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): A national clinical guideline for the pharmacological management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (2017)
●British Orthopaedic Association (BOA), British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (BOFAS), Vascular Society (VS), Diabetes UK, Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD), Foot in Diabetes UK (FDUK), British Association of Prosthetists and Orthotists (BAPO): Joint specialty recommendations for the operational delivery of the multi-disciplinary care pathway for diabetic foot problems (2016)
●JBDS-IP: Management of adults with diabetes on the haemodialysis unit (2016)
●NICE: Quality standard on diabetes in adults (2011, updated 2016)
●Association of Anaesthestists of Great Britain & Ireland (AAGBI): Peri-operative management of the surgical patient with diabetes (2015)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance for implantation of a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner for managing type 2 diabetes (2015)
India
●Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI)-Endocrine Society of India (ESI): Clinical practice recommendations for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020)
●Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR): Guidelines for management of type 2 diabetes (2018)
Australia-New Zealand
●Diabetes Australia: Diabetes and feet – A practical toolkit for health professionals using the Australian diabetes-related foot disease guidelines (2022)
●Choosing Wisely Australia: Do not intensively lower HbA1C<6.5% to <8.0% in patients with early (stage 1-3) chronic kidney disease as intense lowering increases the risk of hypoglycaemia and mortality, noting that the individual target depends on factors such as severity of CKD, macrovascular complications, comorbidities, life expectancy and others (2021)
●Diabetes Feet Australia (DFA) and Australian Diabetes Society (ADS): Australian evidence-based guidelines 2021 for diabetes-related foot disease (2021)
●Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP): Management of type 2 diabetes – A handbook for general practice (2020, updated 2021)
●Choosing Wisely Australia: Don't restrict the ability of people with diabetes to self-manage blood glucose monitoring unless there is a clinical indication to do so (2016)
●ADS: Position statement – Guidance concerning the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (2015)
●Choosing Wisely Australia: Don't advocate routine self-monitoring of blood glucose for people with type 2 diabetes who are on oral medication only (2015)
●ADS: A position statement for new blood glucose management algorithm for type 2 diabetes (2014)
●ADS: Guidelines for routine glucose control in hospital (2012)
●ADS: Peri-operative diabetes management guidelines (2012)
●Australian Diabetes Foot Network: Management of diabetes-related foot ulceration – A clinical update (2012)
●Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG) and ADS: National evidence-based clinical care guidelines for type 1 diabetes in children, adolescents and adults (2011)
Japan
●[In English] Japanese Diabetes Society (JDS): Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (published 2020)
●[In Japanese] JDS: Diabetes practice guidelines (2019)
