Interventional bronchoscopic techniques for management of central airway obstruction and hemoptysis in patients with lung cancer

Interventional techniques for management of airway obstruction or hemoptysis in patients with lung cancer. Airway obstruction may manifest as dyspnea, cough, wheeze, atelectasis, or collapse and can be as extreme as respiratory failure. In both airway obstruction and hemoptysis, airway security should be a priority and may require an invasive artificial airway or rigid bronchoscopy. This table reflects only airway obstruction due to malignant causes. Interventional bronchoscopy requires a multidisciplinary team and is based on the availability of the technology and the appropriate experience and skill of the operator. These procedures should only be performed at centers with experience.