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Classification of abnormal sleep-related movements

Classification of abnormal sleep-related movements
Simple movements
Involving quick jerks of limbs or body
  • Hypnic jerks
  • Propriospinal myoclonus
  • Benign myoclonus of infancy
  • Epileptic myoclonus
  • Isolated or nonperiodic limb movements
Involving muscles of mastication
  • Bruxism
  • Facial myoclonus
  • Palatal myoclonus
Prolonged contractions
  • Leg cramps
Periodic movements
Of the limbs
  • Periodic limb movements
Rhythmical movements
Of the limbs
  • Hypnic foot tremor
  • Alternating leg muscle activation
Of the body or head
  • Rhythmical movement disorder of sleep (body rocking, juxta capita)
Vocalizations
Monotonous (groaning)
  • Catathrenia
Utterances of talking
  • Without other movements
  • Sleeptalking – normal variant
  • With movements (see "Complex movements and behaviors" below)
Complex movements and behaviors: Nonstereotyped
NREM sleep-related parasomnias
  • Disorders of arousal (from NREM sleep)
  • Confusional arousals
  • Sleepwalking
  • Sleep terrors
  • Sleep-related eating disorder
REM-related parasomnias
  • REM sleep behavior disorder
  • Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
  • Nightmare disorder
Other parasomnias
  • Exploding head syndrome (sensory)
  • Sleep-related hallucinations (sensory)
  • Sleep enuresis
  • Parasomnia due to a medical disorder
  • Parasomnia due to a medication or substance
Psychogenic events originating in sleep
  • Panic attacks
  • Dissociative events
Complex movements: Stereotyped
Epileptic seizures
Psychogenic events (sometimes)
NREM: non-rapid eye movement; REM: rapid eye movement.
Graphic 103094 Version 1.0